Linear Guide Accuracy Classes Explained

Sep 30

A linear guide accuracy class defines how tightly the rail and carriage are manufactured with respect to running parallelism, installed height, lateral reference dimensions, and dimensional consistency between multiple blocks or rails. Higher accuracy classes reduce allowable geometric variation, but they do not automatically increase load capacity, rigidity, or positioning accuracy of the complete machine.

Depending on the manufacturer, accuracy classes may be identified with designations such as:

Normal
High
Precision
Super Precision
Ultra Precision

or codes such as:

These codes are not universal across manufacturers.

A THK “P” grade and a Schaeffler “P5,” for example, should not be assumed to represent identical tolerances simply because both contain the letter P.

Always use the accuracy table for the exact:

manufacturer,
guide family,
nominal size,
rail length.

A useful rule is:

Choose the lowest accuracy class that satisfies the machine’s actual running-accuracy and dimensional-matching requirements. Do not pay for ultra-precision guidance when the surrounding machine structure cannot use it.

Key Takeaways

Accuracy class defines manufacturing tolerances of the guide system.
It commonly controls running parallelism.
It can also control carriage height and width tolerances.
Higher classes can provide closer matching between multiple carriages.
Higher accuracy does not mean higher load rating.
Accuracy class and preload are separate specifications.
Accuracy class and rigidity are related only indirectly.
Linear-guide accuracy is not the same thing as machine positioning accuracy.
Rail length can affect allowable running-parallelism tolerance.
Manufacturer accuracy codes are not universal.
Multiple rails and blocks can make matching tolerances more important.
Mounting-surface error can negate the benefit of a high-accuracy guide.
Replacement guides should preserve required accuracy class where machine performance depends on it.
General automation does not automatically require precision or ultra-precision guides.
Machine tools, metrology, inspection, semiconductor equipment, and precision stages may justify tighter accuracy classes.

What Is Linear Guide Accuracy?

Linear-guide accuracy describes how closely the manufactured rail-and-carriage assembly conforms to specified geometric tolerances.

THK states that LM Guide accuracy is specified in terms of:

running parallelism,
dimensional tolerance of height,
dimensional tolerance of width,
difference in height between blocks used together,
difference in width between blocks used together.

THK — Determining the Accuracy

These tolerances help determine how consistently the carriage moves relative to the rail reference surfaces.

What Is Running Parallelism?

Running parallelism is one of the most important linear-guide accuracy specifications.

THK defines it as the allowable parallelism error between the carriage reference surface and the rail reference surface as the block travels the full rail length while the rail is properly mounted to a reference base.

In simpler terms:

If the rail is mounted correctly, how much can the carriage mounting surface rise, fall, or move sideways relative to the rail datum while traveling along the rail?

The tighter the running-parallelism tolerance, the more geometrically consistent the motion.

A Simple Running-Parallelism Example

Imagine a carriage traveling along a 1,000 mm rail.

Suppose one accuracy class permits:

20 µm

of running-parallelism variation.

A higher class may permit only:

5 µm

over a comparable travel.

The second guide has been manufactured to tighter geometric tolerances.

That does not necessarily mean the final machine will position four times more accurately.

It means the guide itself contributes less geometric error.

Why Rail Length Matters

Running-parallelism tolerances often depend on rail length.

Longer rails are generally allowed more total parallelism variation than shorter rails within the same accuracy class.

For example, Schaeffler's precision rail guide documentation specifies accuracy classes based on raceway parallelism relative to reference surfaces and gives allowable tolerance as a function of rail length.

For a 1,000 mm precision rail, Schaeffler currently specifies approximately:

P10: 9 µm,
P5: 5 µm,
P2: 2 µm.

Schaeffler — Precision Rail Guides

This demonstrates why an accuracy code cannot be interpreted without considering:

manufacturer,
rail family,
rail length.

What Is Dimensional Height Accuracy?

Manufacturers also control the height of the assembled guide.

This is typically the dimension from:

rail mounting surface

to:

top carriage mounting surface.

THK commonly identifies this as height:

Accuracy standards may specify:

absolute tolerance in M,
difference in M between multiple blocks.

These are different specifications.

Absolute Height Tolerance

Absolute height tolerance tells you how far the actual carriage/rail assembly may vary from its nominal specified height.

For example, if nominal assembly height were:

40.000 mm

and the allowable manufacturing tolerance were:

±0.020 mm

then acceptable manufactured height would fall within the specified tolerance band.

The actual values depend on the selected model and accuracy grade.

Difference in Height Between Blocks

When several blocks support the same moving plate, matching between those blocks can be extremely important.

THK defines the difference in height M as the difference between the minimum and maximum carriage heights among blocks being used together on the same plane.

THK — Determining the Accuracy

If four blocks supporting a precision table differ significantly in height, the table may:

rock,
twist,
preload some blocks more heavily than others.

Tighter accuracy classes can reduce this variation.

Why Block-to-Block Matching Matters

Consider a two-rail/four-block table.

If:

one block is slightly taller,
another is slightly shorter,

the rigid moving plate may force the blocks into a common plane when tightened down.

That can create unintended internal loads.

The more precise the machine, the more important these differences become.

What Is Width Accuracy?

Manufacturers may also specify a lateral reference dimension between:

carriage reference surface,
rail reference surface.

THK identifies a related width dimension as:

W₂

The accuracy class can define:

dimensional tolerance of W₂,
difference in W₂ among blocks.

This matters when a machine references the carriage laterally against:

shoulders,
precision locating surfaces.

Accuracy Is About More Than Straight-Line Travel

A good accuracy-class specification therefore addresses several related geometric characteristics:

vertical running accuracy,
lateral running accuracy,
height consistency,
width consistency.

This becomes especially important in:

precision XY tables,
machining equipment,
inspection systems,
metrology stages.

Common THK Accuracy Grades

THK uses accuracy designations including:

Normal — N
High — H
Precision — P
Super Precision — SP
Ultra Precision — UP

depending on product family.

Not every THK guide is available in every class.

THK's current model-number documentation, for example, notes that certain roller-guide families begin at:

High,
Precision,
or other elevated accuracy grades,

rather than offering Normal grade.

THK — LM Guide Model Number Coding

Therefore:

do not assume N through UP is available for every guide.

THK Accuracy Classes at a Glance

A simplified conceptual hierarchy is:

THK DesignationGeneral MeaningNNormalHHigh AccuracyPPrecisionSPSuper PrecisionUPUltra Precision

As you move downward through this table, allowable manufacturing deviations generally become smaller.

The exact tolerance must still be taken from the model-specific chart.

Do Not Create a Universal Micron Table

It is tempting to publish a table saying:

N = X µm,
H = Y µm,
P = Z µm.

That can be misleading.

Running parallelism can change according to:

rail length,
guide family,
nominal size.

Dimensional tolerances can also vary by model.

Therefore, the correct statement is:

The grade determines the tolerance category; the model-specific manufacturer table determines the actual numbers.

A THK Precision-Series Example

THK documentation for certain guide families distinguishes:

with progressively tighter:

height differences,
perpendicularity,
running parallelism.

For particular models, rail-length tables may show running parallelism tightening from several microns in Precision grade to substantially smaller values in Ultra Precision.

THK — LM Guide General Catalog

This illustrates the general progression without suggesting that one table applies to every THK product.

Schaeffler Uses Different Accuracy Codes

Schaeffler provides a good example of why accuracy-class names cannot be translated directly across manufacturers.

For its precision rail guides, Schaeffler currently identifies:

P10

For general mechanical-engineering accuracy.

P5

For higher running-accuracy requirements such as machine-tool construction.

P2

For the highest running-accuracy requirements.

Schaeffler — Precision Rail Guides

That naming structure is completely different from THK's N/H/P/SP/UP hierarchy.

Schaeffler P10 vs. P5 vs. P2

Schaeffler's precision-rail documentation gives an especially useful example at a 1,000 mm rail length:

Schaeffler ClassApprox. Maximum Parallelism Tolerance at 1,000 mmP109 µmP55 µmP22 µm

These figures apply to the specific Schaeffler precision rail-guide system documented in the source.

They should not be applied to every Schaeffler profile rail product.

Schaeffler's Warning About Very High Accuracy

Schaeffler also makes an important point about its P2 precision class:

The surrounding machine structure should itself have a correspondingly high level of accuracy.

That principle applies broadly to precision linear guidance.

There is little value in installing a two-micron-class rail system on:

a poorly machined base,
twisted weldment,
inaccurate mounting surfaces.

Accuracy Class Is Manufacturer Specific

This is one of the most important takeaways.

You may encounter codes such as:

from one manufacturer,

and:

P10,
P5,
P2,

from another.

Other guide manufacturers use still different systems.

Never compare the letters alone.

Compare the underlying:

height tolerance,
width tolerance,
matched differences,
running parallelism.

Accuracy Class vs. Preload

These are frequently confused.

They are not the same specification.

Accuracy Class

Controls manufacturing geometry and dimensional tolerance.

Preload

Controls internal clearance/contact between:

rolling elements,
raceways.

Preload primarily affects:

rigidity,
deflection,
friction,
vibration behavior.

Accuracy primarily affects:

dimensional consistency,
running geometry.

High Accuracy Does Not Mean High Preload

You can potentially have:

high-accuracy guide with light preload,
high-accuracy guide with greater preload,

where manufacturer options allow.

Likewise, a normal-accuracy guide could still have a preload specification.

Treat the two variables independently.

Accuracy Class vs. Load Capacity

Accuracy class does not normally redefine the fundamental basic load ratings:

C,
C₀.

The load rating is primarily determined by:

guide size,
raceway geometry,
rolling elements,
carriage length.

A Precision-grade size 25 guide is not automatically capable of carrying more load than the Normal-grade version of the same bearing architecture.

Accuracy Class vs. Rigidity

Higher accuracy can help a precision assembly behave more consistently.

But it does not automatically create greater bearing stiffness.

Rigidity is influenced more directly by:

preload,
guide architecture,
ball vs. roller,
carriage size,
block count,
structural geometry.

Accuracy Class vs. Repeatability

Repeatability is another separate concept.

A machine can repeatedly return to a position very consistently while still having:

geometric straightness error,
scale error,
guide parallelism error.

Likewise, a high-accuracy guide does not by itself guarantee machine repeatability.

Repeatability depends on the complete motion system.

Accuracy Class vs. Positioning Accuracy

This distinction is especially important for SEO readers searching for “linear guide accuracy.”

Guide accuracy is not the same as axis positioning accuracy.

Axis positioning accuracy can depend on:

encoder,
linear scale,
ball screw,
servo tuning,
thermal expansion,
structural deflection,
calibration,
control system.

The guide primarily controls the path along which the moving component travels.

Example: Accurate Guide, Inaccurate Position

Imagine an axis with:

ultra-precision linear rails,
inaccurate lead screw.

The table may travel along an extremely straight path but stop at the wrong longitudinal position.

Guide accuracy is excellent.

Positioning accuracy is not.

Example: Accurate Encoder, Poor Guide Geometry

Now imagine:

excellent linear encoder,
poor guide running parallelism.

The controller may know the exact X position while the table:

rises,
falls,
shifts laterally

as it travels.

Position accuracy along X may be good while geometric path accuracy is poor.

Both matter in precision machinery.

Accuracy Class vs. Straightness

Running parallelism contributes to straight and predictable motion.

But the final straightness of the moving table also depends on:

rail installation,
base straightness,
mounting shoulders,
rail deformation,
machine structure.

The manufacturer's guide accuracy assumes appropriate installation conditions.

A Precision Rail Cannot Fix a Poor Machine Base

This deserves emphasis.

If the machine base has:

waviness,
twist,
poor flatness,

bolting a precision rail onto that surface can force the rail to follow the mounting error.

The final motion may therefore be worse than the guide's catalog tolerance.

Mounting Accuracy Can Dominate Guide Accuracy

The complete error budget includes:

rail manufacturing accuracy

mounting-surface error

installation/alignment error

structural deformation

thermal effects

Therefore:

Do not specify guide accuracy in isolation.

When Normal Accuracy Is Usually Enough

General-purpose accuracy classes may be appropriate for:

material handling,
conveyors,
packaging,
general automation,
welding fixtures,
nonprecision transfer axes.

If the application only needs:

smooth motion,
reliable support,
moderate dimensional accuracy,

a higher precision grade may provide little benefit.

When High Accuracy May Be Appropriate

High accuracy may be worthwhile for:

automated assembly,
robotics,
moderately precise XY tables,
production equipment where table path matters.

The required grade should come from the machine tolerance stack.

When Precision Grade May Be Appropriate

Precision-class guidance is commonly considered for:

CNC machinery,
machining centers,
precision XY stages,
inspection equipment.

THK's published application guidance associates higher P/SP-type classes with many machine-tool applications.

THK — Accuracy Grade Selection Guidance

When Super Precision May Be Appropriate

Super Precision guidance can become relevant for:

grinding machines,
precision inspection,
semiconductor equipment,
metrology.

At this level, base machining and assembly technique become increasingly important.

When Ultra Precision May Be Appropriate

Ultra Precision should be reserved for machines whose complete design can make use of it.

Potential examples include:

metrology stages,
ultra-precision inspection,
semiconductor processes,
highly precise grinding or positioning structures.

The entire system must support comparable accuracy.

Don't Specify Ultra Precision “Just to Be Safe”

Over-specification can increase:

cost,
sourcing difficulty,
assembly sensitivity.

If the machine tolerance requirement is:

±0.10 mm

there is little benefit in paying for a guide system whose geometric manufacturing tolerances are measured in only a few microns unless another requirement justifies it.

Start With the Machine Requirement

Instead of asking:

“What is the best accuracy class?”

ask:

“How much path error can this machine tolerate?”

Then build an error budget.

A Simple Accuracy Budget

Suppose the machine allows:

±0.020 mm

vertical variation at the tool.

Potential contributors include:

guide running error,
mounting base error,
table deflection,
thermal error.

The guide should consume only an acceptable portion of the total tolerance.

You would not normally allow one component to consume the entire machine tolerance budget.

Accuracy and Multiple Rails

Accuracy becomes especially important with two parallel rails.

The rails and carriages must work together geometrically.

Differences in:

height,
lateral reference position,
rail parallelism

can create:

uneven load sharing,
internal stress,
table distortion.

Accuracy and Four-Block Tables

Consider:

two rails + two blocks per rail.

Four carriages are tied together by one rigid table.

If the blocks are poorly matched in height, tightening the table can force them into alignment.

That may create unwanted preload.

Tighter block-to-block dimensional matching can reduce this problem.

Matched Sets

Some manufacturers provide matched guide assemblies or define tolerances specifically for blocks installed together.

When precision matters, verify whether the ordering system distinguishes:

interchangeable blocks,
matched assemblies,
multi-rail sets.

Do not assume separately purchased blocks have the same matching tolerance as a factory-specified precision set.

Accuracy and Interchangeable Blocks

Some profile guide families are designed so:

rails,
carriages

can be supplied independently.

Even then, the dimensional variation permitted depends on accuracy class.

For high-precision multi-block assemblies, exact matching requirements should be verified.

Accuracy and Replacement Applications

Suppose an existing machine uses:

Precision-grade size 25 guide.

A physically compatible Normal-grade replacement may:

fit the rail,
bolt into the machine,
carry the load,

but still reduce machine geometric performance.

Therefore, accuracy class should be included in replacement identification.

Do Not Replace From Dimensions Alone

A replacement guide can match:

rail width,
block width,
block height,
hole spacing,

and still differ in:

preload,
accuracy class,
surface treatment,
seal configuration.

Physical fit is only one part of interchangeability.

Accuracy Class and Rail Cutting

Cutting a rail to length must preserve appropriate:

end geometry,
mounting-hole layout,
rail integrity.

But cutting rail length does not automatically change the manufactured accuracy class.

Installation quality and final mounting conditions still determine the machine's realized running accuracy.

Linear Automation USA provides a Linear Rail Cut Calculator for planning finished rail lengths and mounting-hole locations.

Does Shorter Rail Mean Better Accuracy?

Within some manufacturer tables, the maximum allowable running-parallelism error is smaller for shorter rails.

That does not mean cutting an existing long rail automatically upgrades its certified accuracy class.

Accuracy class is a manufacturing specification.

Do not reinterpret the grade after modification without manufacturer or engineering validation.

Does Higher Accuracy Improve Bearing Life?

Not directly.

Bearing life depends heavily on:

applied load,
C,
preload,
lubrication,
contamination.

However, poor mounting or geometric mismatch can cause uneven loading that reduces realized life.

Accuracy can therefore affect system behavior indirectly.

Does Higher Accuracy Reduce Friction?

Not automatically.

Friction is more strongly affected by:

preload,
seals,
lubrication,
rolling-element design.

A high-accuracy guide can still have substantial preload.

Does Higher Accuracy Reduce Vibration?

It can reduce geometric running variation.

But machine vibration also depends on:

preload,
rigidity,
structural resonance,
drive system,
surface finish,
speed.

Do not treat accuracy grade as a vibration specification.

Does High Accuracy Mean Zero Error?

No.

Every accuracy grade has permitted tolerances.

Even ultra-precision guidance has finite manufacturing variation.

The goal is not zero error.

The goal is:

controlled and specified error.

Accuracy Class Selection Process

Step 1: Define Required Machine Accuracy

Determine allowable:

vertical path error,
lateral path error,
angular error,
positioning error.

Step 2: Separate Guide Error From Positioning Error

Determine what portion of the tolerance relates to:

guide geometry,
drive accuracy.

Step 3: Define Rail Length

Running-parallelism tolerance may depend on length.

Step 4: Define Number of Rails

One or multiple rails can change matching requirements.

Step 5: Define Number of Blocks

Multiple blocks may require tighter height and width matching.

Step 6: Determine Mounting-Surface Accuracy

Do not specify a guide that is substantially more precise than the structure can support without a reason.

Step 7: Review Manufacturer Accuracy Tables

Use the exact:

model,
size,
rail length.

Step 8: Choose the Lowest Grade That Meets the Error Budget

Avoid unnecessary over-specification.

Step 9: Specify Preload Separately

Do not use accuracy grade as a substitute for rigidity requirements.

Step 10: Document the Complete Ordering Code

Include accuracy class in the final guide specification.

General Accuracy-Class Selection Matrix

ApplicationTypical Accuracy NeedConveyorGeneralMaterial handlingGeneralPackagingGeneral to elevatedGeneral automationGeneral to highAutomated assemblyHigh to precisionCNC machinePrecision or better depending on designGrindingHigh precisionInspection stagePrecision to ultra precisionMetrologySuper/ultra precisionSemiconductor equipmentApplication-specific high precision

This table is conceptual.

The machine's actual tolerance requirement should control the final choice.

Example 1: Conveyor

Requirements:

transport product,
no precision machining,
moderate alignment requirement.

A general accuracy class may be entirely adequate.

Specifying Ultra Precision would likely add cost without useful benefit.

Example 2: CNC Axis

Requirements:

controlled tool path,
tight geometric accuracy,
precision-machined machine base.

A Precision or Super Precision guide may deserve evaluation depending on:

machine error budget,
rail length,
process.

Example 3: Inspection Table

Requirements:

sensor measures features within microns,
vertical table variation directly affects result.

Guide running accuracy becomes critical.

A higher accuracy class may be justified.

Example 4: Welded Automation Frame

Requirements:

positioning tolerance ±1 mm,
fabricated frame,
general transfer.

Installing ultra-precision guide rails on an inadequately machined weldment provides little practical benefit.

Improve the machine structure before buying more guide accuracy.

Example 5: Four-Block Precision Stage

Requirements:

two rails,
four carriages,
precision-machined table,
low allowable angular error.

Tight:

block height matching,
width matching,
running parallelism

can become important.

Common Linear Guide Accuracy Mistakes

Mistake 1: Confusing Accuracy With Preload

Accuracy controls geometry; preload controls internal contact.

Mistake 2: Confusing Accuracy With Load Rating

Higher precision does not automatically increase C or C₀.

Mistake 3: Assuming Guide Accuracy Equals Positioning Accuracy

The drive and feedback system also determine positioning.

Mistake 4: Comparing Manufacturer Codes Directly

THK P and Schaeffler P5 are not universal equivalents.

Mistake 5: Ignoring Rail Length

Running-parallelism limits can depend on rail length.

Mistake 6: Ignoring Block-to-Block Height Differences

This can matter greatly on rigid multi-block tables.

Mistake 7: Buying Ultra Precision for a Rough Machine Base

The mounting structure can dominate the final error.

Mistake 8: Replacing a Precision Guide With Normal Grade Because It Fits

Mechanical fit does not preserve machine accuracy.

Mistake 9: Assuming Higher Accuracy Is Always Better

Better specification is not always better machine design.

Mistake 10: Failing to Include Accuracy in the Part Number

Accuracy grade can be a required ordering-code element.

Linear Automation USA's Perspective

At Linear Automation USA, we treat accuracy class as part of the machine's error budget—not as a premium feature that should automatically be maximized.

The first question is not:

“What is the highest accuracy class available?”

It is:

“How accurately does the moving table actually need to travel?”

For a conveyor or material-handling axis, normal industrial accuracy may provide everything the machine needs.

For:

machining,
grinding,
inspection,
metrology,

running parallelism and carriage-to-carriage dimensional matching may become extremely important.

We also make a strong distinction between:

accuracy and preload.

If the problem is:

excessive deflection,
vibration,
insufficient rigidity,

moving from Normal to Precision accuracy may not solve it.

The better variable may be:

preload,
carriage size,
roller guide,
block count,
rail spacing.

Likewise, if the problem is poor positioning accuracy, the source may be:

encoder,
ball screw,
servo,
thermal growth,

rather than the linear guide.

For replacement work, we do not stop after confirming:

nominal size,
rail width,
block dimensions.

Where machine performance depends on it, we also identify:

accuracy class,
preload class.

A replacement that physically fits but materially loosens the original accuracy specification may not be an acceptable interchange.

Linear Automation USA supplies industrial linear guide systems from Schaeffler, SBC Linear, and WON Linear, along with application, identification, cut-to-length, and replacement support.

Our rule is:

Specify enough guide accuracy to protect the machine's required performance—but make sure the rest of the machine is accurate enough to use it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is a Linear Guide Accuracy Class?

It is a manufacturer-defined tolerance class controlling characteristics such as running parallelism, dimensional height and width tolerance, and block-to-block dimensional variation.

What Does Running Parallelism Mean?

It is the allowable deviation between the carriage reference surface and rail reference surface as the carriage travels the rail length.

What Are THK Accuracy Grades?

THK commonly uses Normal N, High H, Precision P, Super Precision SP, and Ultra Precision UP, although availability varies by guide family.

What Are Schaeffler Precision Rail Accuracy Classes?

Schaeffler's current precision rail guide documentation uses P10, P5, and P2.

Is THK P the Same as Schaeffler P5?

Do not assume so. Compare the actual manufacturer tolerance tables.

Does Higher Accuracy Mean Higher Load Capacity?

No. C and C₀ should be evaluated separately.

Does Accuracy Class Change Preload?

No. Accuracy and preload are separate specifications.

Does Higher Accuracy Make a Linear Guide More Rigid?

Not automatically. Rigidity depends more directly on preload, guide architecture, size, and machine geometry.

Does Guide Accuracy Determine Machine Positioning Accuracy?

No. Positioning also depends on the drive, encoder, servo system, thermal behavior, and calibration.

Does Accuracy Class Affect Running Straightness?

It controls certain guide running tolerances, but final machine straightness also depends on mounting and machine structure.

Does Rail Length Affect Accuracy Tolerance?

Yes, manufacturer running-parallelism tables commonly vary tolerance according to rail length.

Why Does Block Height Matching Matter?

Multiple blocks attached to one rigid table can develop unintended internal load if their manufactured heights differ excessively.

Do Two Rails Require Higher Accuracy?

Not automatically, but multi-rail systems can make height, width, and alignment tolerances more important.

Is Ultra Precision Always Better?

Only if the machine requires and can support that level of accuracy.

Can I Replace a Precision Block With a Normal-Accuracy Block?

It may physically fit, but machine accuracy can be affected. Verify the original specification before substitution.

Can Mounting Error Ruin a Precision Guide's Accuracy?

Yes. A precision rail mounted on an inaccurate base can follow the mounting-surface error.

What Accuracy Class Do I Need for CNC?

There is no single universal answer. Use the machine's geometric error budget and the exact manufacturer tolerance table.

What Accuracy Class Do I Need for Packaging Equipment?

General or high accuracy is often sufficient, but the actual machine requirement should determine the selection.

Need Help Selecting a Linear Guide Accuracy Class?

For a new application, provide:

required path accuracy,
required positioning accuracy,
rail length,
number of rails,
number of blocks,
mounting-base tolerance,
application type,
rigidity requirement,
preload requirement.

For replacement identification, provide:

manufacturer,
complete rail model,
complete block model,
nominal size,
accuracy code,
preload code,
rail length,
clear photographs.

Contact Linear Automation USA for help identifying, selecting, sourcing, cutting, or replacing industrial profile rail systems.